Black holes are areas in space that nothing can escape because of their gravity. A black hole is an area of space where a large amount of mass is concentrated in a very small area. Black holes are not visible and are invisible because even light is trapped in them. The fundamental description of black holes is based on the equations in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity.
Characteristics of black holes
The force of gravity near a black hole is very strong because all the particles of the black hole are concentrated at one point in its center. Physicists call this point the singularity point and believe that it is smaller than the nucleus of an atom.
The event horizon is the surface of a black hole. This level is not a normal level to be seen or touched. On the event horizon, the gravitational pull is infinitely powerful. An object in this region can only be present for one of them and then sinks into the light particles.
How to Identify black holes?
Detection of a black hole is usually done by the way objects around it moves. If a black hole passes through an area of space that also has objects around it, then all of those objects will be sucked into the black hole. The following is a picture of a star being sucked into a black hole using animation. The gravitational field is also very large near the surface of the black hole. Let’s make this sentence simpler. Suppose you are approaching a black hole, in which case the amount of gravity on your head and feet is different. So, the body will be pulled like chewing gum and sucked into the black hole.
A similar process occurs when a black hole passes by a star. In this case, too, the star disintegrates and is sucked into the black hole. This process is known as “accretion”. In this case, the star becomes a disk and is swallowed by a black hole. The resulting disc is also called an “accretion disc”.
How are black holes formed?
Rotating dust and gas nebula is the birthplace of stars in the galaxy. But most black holes are born from the death of very heavy stars, especially neutron stars. If the total mass of a star is large enough, then it can be theoretically shown that no force can prevent the star from decaying as a result of gravitational force. Therefore, this internal force leads to a smaller star radius. When the star’s radius is reduced to a certain size, time on the star stops relative to the outside observer. This is the moment when the black hole forms. This particular radius is called the “Event Horizon“.
Larger black holes can also be born from the collision of interstellar objects. Shortly after NASA launched the Swift Telescope in 2004, a large amount of gamma-ray radiation was observed. The results of the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra Observatory were studied by scientists and they concluded that a large explosion occurred as a result of a collision between a neutron star and a black hole, resulting in a larger black hole.
Types of black holes
There are two models of black holes in astronomy science:
- Schwarzschild – Fixed black holes
- Kerr – Rotating Black Holes
Schwarzschild black holes
Schwarzschild black holes are the simplest models whose cores do not rotate in the galaxy. These black hole models have only one singularity and one event horizon.
The Kerr black hole
Kerr black hole the most common model of black hole rotates because its former star (which has now become a nucleus) was spinning. When a rotating star collapses, the nucleus continues to rotate, and this happens when it turns into a black hole, according to the law of conservation of angular momentum.
2 categories of black holes in terms of size
Black holes fall into two completely different categories in terms of size.
Finally, there are infinitely intermediate black holes created by the death of heavy stars. These interstellar objects have masses between 10 and 24 times that of the Sun.
At the other end of the spectrum of black holes are giant black holes called “Supermassive Black Holes” that are millions of times the size of the Sun.
What is inside the black holes?
Inside black holes, the object is made up of three different parts: the outer event horizon, the inner event horizon, and the singularity.
Definition of components of black holes
What is the black hole event horizon?
The boundary around the black hole crater is called the black hole event horizon. Even light cannot escape the black hole event horizon. When a particle passes through it, it can no longer leave the black hole because gravity is constant in it.
What is the singularity of a black hole?
The inner part of a black hole, which defines its mass, is called the singularity of a black hole. Uniqueness is the single point in space and time in which the mass of a black hole is condensed. The physical laws we know are violated at the point of the singularity because the texture of space-time bends infinitely around the singularity.
Other components of the black hole
Accretion Disk:
according to astronomy, black holes are surrounded by very hot disks called Accretion Disks. Much of the Accretion Disk is made up of gas and dust from other objects, such as nebulae, stars, and planets.
Blackhole shadow:
The dark, two-dimensional regions on the celestial sphere that are formed by the strong gravity of the black hole are called black hole shadows. There are photon paths around this region that could not escape from the black hole and fell into its trap.
Photonic sphere:
In a photonic sphere, light can travel in circular paths because gravity is so strong in a photonic sphere. All the Photons are orbiting the black hole at the distance of the photon sphere. If you are at this point you can see behind you
Relativistic jet:
Sometimes objects after entering a black hole are bent from the event horizon and thrown outwards. Under these conditions, bright jets of matter have formed that move at speeds close to the speed of light. These powerful jets can be observed from a distance.
Conclusion
Remember that black holes are not space vacuum cleaners, they do not consume anything. So, although we cannot see them, there is indirect evidence that confirms their existence. Many scientists, theorists, and even storytellers have linked the black hole to time travel.
Contact me
